Kuva mu mpera za Nyakanga 2026, ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo bwatangaje ko abarwanyi ba FDLR bazamburwa intwaro ariko bakanga gusubira mu Rwanda bazimurirwa mu kindi gihugu kimwe cyangwa byinshi bya Afurika, nubwo kugeza ubu cyagizwe ibanga.
Nubwo gusenya FDLR bigaragara nk’ibikiri kure nk’ukwezi, ibyo kuyambura intwaro biri mu masezerano Leta ya RDC yagiranye na FDLR, bivugwa ko agamije kurambika intwaro ku bushake kw’abarwanyi b’uyu mutwe, gushyirwa mu bigo byihariye no gusubizwa mu buzima busanzwe. Gusa aya masezerano u Rwanda rwayamaganiye kure ruvuga ko ntaho biteganyijwe mu masezerano ya Washington.
Minisitiri wa RDC ushinzwe ubufatanye n’akarere, Floribert Anzuluni, muri Nyakanga 2025 yemeje iby’aya masezerano, nyuma avuga ko hari igihugu cyo muri Afurika cyemeye kwakira abarwanyi ba FDLR batazemera gutaha mu Rwanda, kandi ko bari mu biganiro n’ibindi bihugu.
Amateka y’uyu mutwe agaragaza ko ikibazo gishobora kutarangirana no kurambika intwaro kuko nta kabuza hazasigara imiyoboro yawo, umurongo wa politiki n’ingengabitekerezo umaranye imyaka myinshi kuko atari ubwa mbere habaye icyitwa kuwusenya ariko ugakomeza kubaho.
Ibi byatumye itsinda ry’umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, u Bufaransa n’ibihugu by’inshuti bikurikiranira hafi ibibera mu karere, ICG, ryibusa Leta ya RDC ko igomba gusenya FDLR nk’uko amasezerano y’amahoro ya Washington abiteganya.
ICG kandi yasabye Leta ya RDC gushyiraho gahunda ifatika n’ingengabihe yo gusenya FDLR, inasaba ko hasobanurwa uko abayobozi cyangwa abarwanyi b’uyu mutwe bakekwaho ibyaha bikomeye bazakurikiranwa n’ubutabera.
Ikibazo cya FDLR si icy’intwaro gusa
Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, bamwe mu bari bagize ingabo z’u Rwanda zatsinzwe, Ex-FAR, Interahamwe n’abacurabwenge b’uyu mugambi mubisha bahungiye muri Zaïre yaje guhinduka RDC. FDLR ubwayo yashinzwe n’abahoze muri iyi mitwe mu 2000.
Minisiteri y’Imari ya Amerika ivuga ko FDLR yakoze ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi bishingiye ku moko, yica abasivili benshi, irashimuta, ininjiza abana mu gisirikare; ikaba ari yo mpamvu abayobozi b’uyu mutwe bafatiwe ibihano.
Abasesenguzi kuri politiki y’akarere bemeza ko ibi bikwiye gutanga isomo rikomeye ku gihugu cyakwakira abarwanyi b’uyu mutwe. Kigomba kumenya ko kwambura umuntu intwaro, bidakuraho ingengabitekerezo amaze imyaka myinshi agenderaho ndetse n’imiyoboro akuramo ubufasha aba yarubatse.
Raporo z’impuguke z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zigaragaza ko FDLR yakomeje kuyoborwa n’Abanyarwanda ariko uko imyaka yagiye ishira, yagiye yinjiza mu gisirikare cyayo abarwanyi benshi b’Abanye-Congo.
FDLR kandi imaze imyaka myinshi ikorana n’ubutegetsi bwa RDC, aho no mu gisirikare usanga harimo umuntu wihariye ushinzwe kuyihuza na FARDC, ndetse mu bihe by’intambara abarwanyi bayo bakinjizwa mu gisirikare cy’igihugu.
Ibyo bigaragaza ubushobozi bwinshi uyu mutwe wakuye muri RDC mu myaka myinshi uhamaze, uko winjiye mu mibereho y’Abanye-Congo kugeza ku rwego rwo kuba bamwe bawufata nk’igisirikare cyabo.
Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yakwimukana na bo
Icyago gikomeye ku gihugu cyakwakira itsinda ry’abarwanyi ba FDLR banze gutaha mu Rwanda cyaba ukwemerera inzego zahoze ziyobora umutwe kugumana imiterere n’ububasha bwazo.
Mu gihe abayobozi n’abarwanyi bakomeza gukora bitwaje impamvu bita politiki, bashobora gukomeza ibikorwa byabo bigambiriye guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda cyangwa bibiba amacakubiri.
Bashobora kubikora babinyujije mu matsinda y’abamaze igihe babashyigikira cyangwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, maze uko igihe gihita ingengabitekerezo yabo ikagera no ku bantu bo mu gihugu cyabakiriye, yewe no mu butegetsi nk’uko byagenze muri RDC.
Ni bwo ikibazo cyatangira guhinduka, aho kuba gusa “Abanyarwanda bahoze ari abarwanyi”, bakaba ikibazo ku gihugu cyabakiriye kuko byazagera aho ya ngengabitekerezo iteza amacakubiri mu gihugu cyabakira.
Ubuhamya bw’ababaye muri FDLR bugaruka cyane ku kujya i Burundi gukoresha imyitozo ingabo, ndetse muri ibi bihe abategetsi b’u Burundi bumvikana batera icyuhagiro uyu mutwe bumvikanisha ko nta kibazo uteje. Kuwakira mu kindi gihugu ni ugukongeza byeruye ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside muri Afurika yose.
Isomo rya RDC
Raporo z’impuguke za Loni zagaragaje imikoranire ya FDLR n’imitwe y’Abanye-Congo irimo APCLS na Nyatura, ndetse akenshi ikorana n’ingabo za RDC n’imitwe yaje gushyirwa mu ihuriro ryiswe Wazalendo.
FDLR ivugwaho kugira uruhare rukomeye mu ishingwa ry’imitwe ya Nyatura, APCLS na CMC no mu miyoborere yayo. Ubufatanye bwayo n’iyi mitwe burakomeye kuko ni yo ihisha abarwanyi bayo iyo bamenye ko bashobora guterwa.
Ikindi kibazo ni uko uyu mutwe ushobora kongera kubona ubushobozi binyuze mu bikorwa by’ubukungu bitemewe. Amerika ivuga ko FDLR yagiye ibona amafaranga binyuze mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, gushimuta abantu ngo yishyurwe, ubusahuzi no kwangiza amashyamba igacana amakara.
Uburyo FDLR ibonamo amafaranga bubaye butitaweho ngo bube bwasenywa burundu, ishobora kubwukaba no mu kindi gihugu cyakwakira abarwanyi bayo.
Ikibazo si ukwimura abarwanyi ba FDLR
Igihugu cya Afurika cyemeye kwakira bamwe mu barwanyi ba FDLR cyaba gikeneye gutegura gahunda irenze kubaha aho kuba.
FDLR igomba kwamburwa intwaro, ikamburwa uburyo ikuramo amafaranga, abakekwaho uruhare muri Jenoside, mu byaha by’ibasiye inyokomuntu cyangwa ibindi byaha bikomeye bagakurikiranwa n’ubutabera; aho kwihisha muri gahunda y’ikivunge.
Amahame ya Loni kuri gahunda yo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abari abarwanyi (DDR) ashimangira ko gusezerera abarwanyi bidahagije kuko hakenewe kubafasha gusubira mu buzima busanzwe, gukorana n’abaturage bazabakira kugira ngo bazifatanye mu bikorwa by’iterambere.
Bityo, igihugu cya Afurika cyemeye kwakira abarwanyi ba FDLR gishobora kuba kibafashije gutangira ubuzima bushya. Ariko kibakiriye nk’itsinda rigumana abayobozi baryo, imiyoboro yaryo n’ingengabitekerezo yaryo, cyaba gifite ibyago byo kugira ibibazo nk’ibyo uyu mutwe wateje RDC.
Ni mu gihe abarwanyi bavuye mu mashyamba ya RDC bamaze gutaha mu Rwanda barenga ibihumbi 12 bahawe amahugurwa na Komisiyo Ishinzwe Gusezerera no Gusubiza mu Buzima Busanzwe abahoze ari abasirikare, RDRC ubu babayeho neza ndetse bahinduye imyumvire n’icyerekezo biyemeza kujyana n’abandi mu iterambere ry’u Rwanda. (Igihe)
