U Rwanda rugeze kure urugendo rwo gushaka uburyo rwakwifashisha ingufu za nucléaire mu bikorwa bitandukanye bigamije iterambere, aho nko ku mashanyarazi rwifuza kuba rufite agera kuri gigawatt 1,5 akomoka kuri izi ngufu bitarenze 2050.
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda igaragaza ko igihugu gikeneye gutunganya ingufu z’amashanyarazi za megawatt zirenga 5000, zivuye kuri megawatt 406 zihari ubu. Kugira ngo ibyo bishoboke, yafashe icyemezo cyo kubaka uruganda ruto rutunganya ingufu za nucléaire (Small Modular Reactor) kuko ari zo zafasha kugera kuri iyo ntego.
Impamvu ni uko izi ngufu zishobora kuboneka bigizwemo uruhare n’ingano nke y’ibikenewe (uranium) ugereranyije n’ubundi buryo butanga amashanyarazi nka nyiramugengeri n’akomoka ku ngomero z’amazi.
Kugira ngo haboneke amashanyarazi ya nucléaire bafata Uranium bakayitunganya intima (atome) zayo zikitandukanya ku buryo zitanga ubushyuhe (ibizwi mu gifaransa nka fission nucléaire), iyo imaze gutanga ubushyuhe nibwo bifashisha bagashyushya amazi akavamo umwuka, wa mwuka akaba ariwo bayobora mu mashini ugatanga amashanyarazi.
Ubu buryo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi ni bumwe n’ubusanzwe icyakora itandukaniro ni ingufu za nucleaire. Nka garama imwe ya Uranium, ishobora gutanga megawatt imwe ku munsi, ingufu zingana n’izatangwa na toni eshatu z’amakara.
U Rwanda rumaze kubona ko ingufu za nucléaire ari imari ikomeye, mu 2017 rwatangiye gukora ubushakashatsi bwo gutangiza uruganda ariko bijyanye n’ubuso bwarwo bigaragara ko bitashoboka gukora uruganda runini hisungwa uruganda runto.
Impamvu zari uko nko kugira uruganda rushobora gutanga megawatt 1000, imiyoboro u Rwanda rufite rutabasha kuwakira. Ikindi inganda nk’izi bisaba kugira ngo hagati yarwo n’ibindi bikorwa habemo umwitangirizwa wa kilometero 40. Mu Rwanda ntabwo rwabona ahantu nk’aho ndetse hujuje ibindi bisabwa byose.
Rwahise rwisunga uruganda ruto rukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Ku ikubitiro mu 2018 u Rwanda rwatangiye imikoranire n’u Burusiya igamije gushyira mu Rwanda ikigo gikora Ubushakashatsi ku ikoreshwa ry’izi ngufu bizanageza ku ruganda rwazo rwitezweho kugira uruhare mu kongera amashanyarazi.
Muri Kanama 2024, u Rwanda rwashyize umukono ku masezerano y’ubufatanye n’Ikigo cyo muri Amerika gikora ibijyanye n’izi ngufu cya ’Nano Nuclear Energy Inc’, hagamije gukora ikoranabuhanga rishya rizajya ryifashishwa mu kubyaza ingufu za Nucléaire amashanyarazi.
Hari hashize umwaka umwe na none Guverinoma y’u Rwanda igiranye amasezerano na Dual Fluid Energy Inc yanditswe mu Budage no muri Canada, kugira ngo ikore igerageza ku ikoranabuhanga ryaganisha ku kuba mu Rwanda hatangira gutunganyirizwa amashanyarazi akomoka ku ngufu za nucléaire.
Ubwo bufatanye bwose bugamije ko muri gigawatt eshanu z’amashanyarazi u Rwanda ruzaba rukenera mu 2050, gigawatt imwe 1,5 z’aya mashanyarazi azaba akomoka ku ngufu za nucléaire.
U Rwanda rwamaze kubona amakuru y’ibanze y’ahashyirwa uru ruganda ariko hashingiye ku bigaragarira amaso. Icyakora haracyakorwa ubushakashatsi bushingiye kureba ibisabwa cyane cyane bitagaragarira amaso nko kuba nta mitingito myinshi iharangwa n’ibindi.
Ahakwiriye kujya uru ruganda hagomba kuba hari amazi, yifashishwa mu gushaka wa mwuka ushyushye ubyara amashanyarazi, hadatuwe cyane cyangwa hitaruye mu kwirinda ibyago byabagiraho nubwo ari bike n’ibindi.
Ni umushinga uzatwara n’akayabo. Nubwo igiciro cy’izi nganda u Rwanda rushaka kitaramenyekana ariko rushaka ko byibuze megawatt 1 yajya itwara miliyoni 4$.
Bivuze ko u Rwanda rushaka kuba rufite amashanyarazi ya megawatt 1500 bitarenze 2050. Bivuze ko ruzakenera miliyari 6$. Icyakora ni ukugenekereza.
‘Small Modular’ ntizikenera ubuso bunini nka hegitari 20, zigatanga umusaruro utubutse ndetse zitagira ingaruka ku baturage kuko iyo zigize nk’impanuka aho kwaka zishya zaka zizima. Rumwe rukenera nk’abakozi bari hagati ya 220 na 250, bakora mu byiciro bine.
Mu 2024, byavuzwe ko hari abanyeshuri bo mu Rwanda barenga 200, bari bagiye koherezwa mu mahanga mu guhaha ubumenyi muri urwo rwego. Ubu bamaze kuboneka.
Icyakora icyo gihe hatekerezwaga ko abo baba ari ab’igice kimwe cy’uruganda gitanga amashanyarazi (Small Modular Reactor SMRs) gishobora gutanga amashanyarazi ari hagati ya megawatt 200.
Kuri iyi nshuro, u Rwanda ruteganya gushyiraho ibice bine nk’ibi buri kimwe kikazajya gitanga amashanyarazi angana na megawatt 200.
Ibi byumvikanisha ko hakenewe abandi bakozi barenga 400 bazobereye iby’uru rwego. Ibi bizafasha u Rwanda kubona megawatt 600. Izi ‘modules’ zizongerwaho izindi uko u Rwanda ruzagenda rutera imbere. (Igihe)
