Amwe mu mateka y’ubwato ‘TITANIC’ bumaze imyaka 109 burohamye mu nyanja ya Atlantika.[AMAFOTO]

Abantu bagera kuri 2200 bari muri Titanic bari bafite icyizere ko bagera iyo bajyaga amahoro, ariko kuwa 15 Mata 1912 byaje kuba ibindi, ubwo bwarohamaga mu majyaruguru y’inyanja ya Atlantika ibyari ibyishimo bigahinduka amarira n’induru z’intabaza ubwo abasaga gato 1500 basize ubuzima mu mpanuka ya mbere y’ubwato ikomeye yabayeho mu mateka y’iyi si dutuye n’ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi.

Titanic bwari ubwato bw’igitangaza bwubakiwe gutwara abantu mu ngendo zo mu mazi, bukaba bwari ubw’abongereza. Ijambo “Titanic” ryahawe ubu bwato nk’izina, rikomoka mu rurimi rw’ikigereki rikaba risobanura “ikintu kinini cyane”. Ubu bwato bwubakiwe mu gace ka Belfast ho muri Ireland mu Bwongereza, bukaba bwari ubwato bwa 2 muri 3 bwa mbere bwariho ku Isi bunini bukora ingendo zo mu mazi, aho ubwa mbere bwari Olympic naho ubwa 3 bukaba Britannic, bukaba bwari ubw’ikigo gikora ingendo zo mu mazi cy’ubwongereza kizwi ku izina rya White Star Line. Iki kigo cyari gifite ibibazo by’ihangana n’ibigo bigenzi byacyo bya Cunard, Hamburg America, na Norddeutscher Lioyd; cyashatse uburyo cyakomeza kuzamuka imbere mu bijyanye no gutwara abagenzi mu mazi maze bashakisha uburyo bakora ubwato bwa mbere bunini ndetse bw’akataraboneka. Aha hari mu myaka ya 1890, aho iki kigo cyari gifite ubwato bwitwaga Teutonic na Majestic, maze bakora undi mushinga wo kubaka ubundi bwato bubiri aribwo Olympic na Titanic.

Ubu bwato uko ari 2 bwubatswe n’ikigo cya Harland and Wolff kizwiho kubaka ubwato.

Imirimo yo kubaka ubu bwato bubiri yibanze cyane kuri Olympic kurusha Titanic, aho tariki 29 Nyakanga 1908, iki kigo cy’ubwubatsi bw’amato cyari gifite iki kiraka cyo kubaka aya mato abiri, cyashyikirije ubuyobozi bwa White Star Line igishushanyo mbonera cya Olympic maze baracyemera imirimo iratangira.

Ubu bwato bwa Olympic bwaje kuzura butarahabwa izina baza kuba babwise “Number 400”, ari nabwo nyuma baje gutangira Titanic bagendeye ku gishushanyo cya Olympic ariko bagira icyo bahinduraho nabwo babuha izina rya “Number 401”. Ubu bwato uko ari bubiri bwubatswe mu buryo abubatsi batiyumvishaga kuko mu mateka nti hari harigeze hubakwa ubwato bungana butya. Ubu bwato bwubakiwe ku kirwa kizwi nka Queen’s Island kuri ubu cyiswe Titanic Quarter muri Berfast muri Ireland.

Imirimo yo kubaka ubu bwato bubiri benshi bita impanga, yasaga nk’aho ibera igihe kimwe ariko hitawe cyane kuri Olympic dore ko ubwato bwa Olympic bwatangiye kubakwa tariki 16 Ukuboza mu 1908, mu gihe Titanic yatangiye tariki 31 Werurwe 1909, imirimo yo kubwubaka bwose igatwara imyaka igera kuri 2 n’amezi 2.

Imirimo yo kubaka ubu bwato yari ikomeye ndetse irimo impanuka nyinshi dore ko mu bakozi basaga 15,000 bakoraga muri iyi mirimo benshi bahuraga n’impanuka kandi nta bwirinzi bukomeye bari bafite icyo gihe, aho imirimo ikomeye myinshi yakorwaga nta bikoresho by’ubwirinzi nk’ingofero zabugenewe,… abakozi bari bafite.

Mu gihe cy’iyubakwa rya Titanic, abakozi bagera kuri 246 barakomeretse, 28 muri bo ari imvune zikomeye ku buryo byabaviriyemo ubumuga bwa burundu, ndetse abantu 9 bahasize ubuzima. Ubwato bwa Titanic bwashyizwe ahagaragara tariki 31 Gicurasi 1911 ku isaha ya saa sita n’iminota 15 z’amanywa (12:15 PM) ahari abantu basaga 100,000 bari baje kureba ubu bwato bw’igitangaza.

N’ubwo ubu bwato bwa Titanic bwakozwe hagendewe ku gishushanyo cy’impanga yabwo Olympic, hari impinduka zagiye zibukorwaho mu rwego rwo kubugira igitangaza birushijeho ndetse izi mpinduka zikaba zarabugize ubwato bukomeye kandi buremereye kurusha impanga yabwo (Olympic). Impanga ya Titanic yahise ishyirwa mu mazi, iza kugonga mu kwezi kwa Nzeli 1911, biza guhagarika indi mirimo yo kurimbisha Titanic kugira ngo busanwe, ndetse benshi bakaba bemeza ko iyo Titanic iza kuzuzwa mbere iba itarakoze iyi mpanuka.

Tariki 2 Mata 1912, Titanic yashyizwe mu Nyanja mu igeragezwa. Muri iri geragezwa yari itwaye abantu bagera ku 119 barimo abakozi b’ubu bwato, ababwubatse, abahanga mu bwato, n’abayobozi b’ibigo bitwara abagenzi mu mazi. Iri gerageza ryari rigamije kureba niba koko bwarasojwe kugira ngo butware abagenzi, ryamaze amasaha agera kuri 12 hagenzurwa ibintu byose mu Nyanja ya Ireland. Muri iri geragezwa, ubu bwato bwakoze urugendo rungana n’ibirometero 150 mu mazi aho bwatwawe ku muvuduko wo hejuru wa Kilometero 39 ku isaha.

Ku isaha ya saa moya z’ijoro kuri iyi tariki ya 2 Mata, nibwo ubu bwato bwagarutse buvuye mu igeragezwa, maze ushinzwe igenzura ry’amato abusinyira ibyamgombwa bifite agaciro k’amezi 12 bisobanuye ko bwari bwemewe gukora ingendo zo mu mazi. Nyuma y’isaha, bwongeye guhaguruka i Belfast aho bwari bwarubakiwe, bwerekeza i Southampton aho bwagombaga kujya buhagurukira mu ngendo zinyuranye bwagombaga gukora.

Ibipimo by’ubwato Titanic

Ubu bwato bwa Titanic bwari bufite uburebure bwa metero 269.06, ubugari bwa metero 28.19. ubuhagarike bwabwo bwari metero 32 naho uburemere bwabwo bukaba bwari toni 46,328. Ubu bwato bwari bufite ibice bigera ku 9 bigerekeranye harimo icyo hejuru cyashyirwagaho ubwato bw’ubutabazi ndetse n’icyo hasi cyabikwagamo imitwaro, 7 byo hagati bikaba byari bigenewe abagenzi. Bwari bufite kandi ubwato buto bw’ubutabazi bugera kuri 20.

Urugendo rwa Titanic:

Ku itariki 10 Mata 1912:

Ubwato bwaTitanic bwahagurutse mu mugi wa Southampton wo mu Bwongereza,bwerekeza i New York muri Amerika.

Ku itariki 11 Mata 1912:

Bumaze gufata abagenzi ku cyambu cya Cherbourg mu Bufaransa no ku cya Queenstown muri Irilande, bwahise bwinjira mu nyanja ya Atalantika.

Ku itariki 14 Mata 1912:

Ahagana saa tanu n’iminota 40 z’ijoro, ubwo bwato bwasekuye ikibuye cya barafu (Iceberg).

Ku itariki 15 Mata 1912:

Ahagana saa munani n’iminota 20 z’igicuku, ubwato bwa Titanic bwararohamye, abantu bagera ku 1.500 bahasiga ubuzima.

Byagenze bite ngo ubu bwato burohame?

Hari ku isaha ya saa tanu n’iminota 40 z’ijoro, ubwo uwacungiraga ubwato icyerekezo Frederick Fleet yabonaga ibuye rinini ry’urubura (Iceberg) imbere hafi neza y’ubwato akagerageza kumenyesha abari batwaye. Umuyobozi wa mbere w’ubwato William Murdoch yategetse ko bakatisha ubwato ndetse bakagabanya umuvuduko mu buryo bwose bushoboka ariko igihe cyari cyarenze ubwo ubwato bwari buri hafi cyane y’iri buye.

Bagerageje gukatisha ubwato ariko uruhande rumwe rugonga iri buye bituma bwangirika ndetse hacukuka imyobo ku bwato ku gice kiri mu mazi. Uko umunota ku wundi washiraga, niko aya mazi yagendaga abona inzira acamo maze igice cyo hasi gitangira kuzuramo amazi kugeza ubwo byaje kugaragara ko butangiye kurohama.

Ku isaha ya saa munani za n’iminota 20 za mu gitondo (tariki 15 Mata 1912) nyuma y’amasaha 2 n’iminota 40 bugonze, bwatangiye kumanuka mu buryo budasanzwe aho igice kinini cy’imbere cyari kimaze kwinjira mu mazi kugeza ubwo moteri zabwo zatangiye kugaragara hejuru ndetse uko amazi yakomeje kubukurura bwaje gucikamo ibice bibiri.

Abantu benshi bagiye bashaka kwikiza ku bwabo, bakagwira ibyuma by’ubu bwato ubwo bwari bumaze kwicurika, ndetse abandi benshi bapfuye bazize ubukonje dore ko muri ako gace hari kuri dogere 2 munsi ya 0 ku gipimo cya Celsius aho icyizere cyo kubaho muri ubu bukonje kiba ari iminota 15 ku muntu muzima.

Titanic ishobora kuba yarazize kwirengagiza inama zatanzwe.

E. J. Smith, wari umusare mukuru w’ubwato bwa Titanic, yari azi ko ibibuye bya barafu (iceberg)  byabaga mu majyaruguru y’inyanja ya Atalantika byatezaga impanuka. Yari yaranyuze muri iyo nyanja kenshi agitwara ubwato bwa Olympic. Nanone, abasare b’andi mato baburiraga bagenzi babo ko ibyo bibuye biteje akaga, ariko imwe muri iyo miburo yarirengagizwaga cyangwa ntibagereho. Bidatinze, abari bashinzwe kurinda ubwo bwato babonye ko bugiye kugonga ikibuye cya barafu, ariko amazi yari yarenze inkombe. Umusare wari uyoboye ubwo bwato yagerageje gukwepa icyo kibuye,ariko ntibyamubujije kukigonga ahagana murubavu. Igice kinini cy’ubwo bwato cyarangiritse maze amazi atangira kwinjira mu bice byabwo by’imbere.

Mu bihe by’ubutabazi habayemo kwirengagiza abafite amikoro macye(abakene)

Smith, umusare mukuru w’ubwo bwato, yahise amenya ko bwagize impanuka, maze aratabaza kandi asaba bagenzi be gutegura amato mato y’ubutabazi. Ubwato bwa Titanic bwari bufite amato 16 y’ubutabazi n’andi ane ashobora kuzingwa. Ayo mato yose yashoboraga gutabara abantu bagera hafi ku 1.170. Icyakora, abagenzi n’abakozi b’ubwo bwato bose bageraga ku 2.200. Ikibabaje kurushaho ni uko amenshi muri ayo mato y’ubutabazi yagendaga atuzuye, kandi hafi ya yose ntashakishe abantu bari bijugunye mu nyanja bashoboraga kuba bakiri bazima. Ibyo byatumye harokoka abantu 705 gusa!

Imibare igaragaza ko ku bantu 329 bari mu cyiciro cy’abaherwe harokotsemo 205. Mu bari mu cyiciro gikurikiyeho harokotsemo abantu 118 ku bantu 285 bari bakirimo, naho mu cy’abakene harokotsemo 178 gusa mu bantu 706.

Abakozi b’ubwato nabo bageraga kuri 885 harokotsemo 122. Kapiteni w’ubwato na we yahasize ubuzima nyuma yo gukomeza abari mu bwato ababwira ngo bitware kigabo. Joseph Bruce Ismay wakoze umushinga wa Titanic yabashije kurokoka, yaje gupfa nyuma ku myaka 75.

Titanic yari itwaye abantu bakomeye b’abanyapolitiki, abayobozi b’u Bwongereza, abaherwe, abakinnyi, abashoramari, abasirikare, n’abandi. Harimo n’umuyobozi w’uruganda rwakoze ubwato, n’abandi bagiye babukora hamwe n’ababukoresheje. Abenshi bari bagiye gushakisha ubuzima muri Amerika.

Bamwe bagiye bakurikira amateka ya Titanic bifashishije filimi zakinwe bakabifata nk’aho bitabayeho kandi nyamara ni amateka yabayeho. Uretse rero urwibutso rw’Abashinwa hari n’ahandi hagiye hari ibimenyetso by’aya mateka ababaje biri mu bihugu byaburiye abantu muri iyi mpanuka. Ibisigazwa bya Titanic byavumbuwe mu 1985 bishyirwa mu mutungo w’isi na UNESCO.