Idi, Irayidi cyangwa Eid, ni umwe mu minsi ikomeye ku ngengabihe ya Islam. Irayidi iba ku mpera y’igisibo gitagatifu cya Ramadhan, bivuze ukwezi ko gusenga no kwiyiriza.
Izina “Eid al-Fitr” risobanuye “uguhimbaza guhagarika kwiyiriza”. Nko ku itangiriro rya Ramadhan, Irayidi itangira ku mboneko nshya y’ukwezi.
Mu bihe bisanzwe, abayisilamu benshi bazindukira mu isengesho rya kare mu gitondo. Gusa kuri iyi nshuro uyu munsi wahuriranye n’ingamba zitoroshye zo kwirinda Covid-19, aho nko mu Rwanda abitabira ibikorwa byo gusenga batagomba kurenga 50%, ibintu bivuzeko abitabiriye iri sengesho ryo kuri uyu wa Kane tariki 13 Gicurasi 2021 bari bacye ugereranyije n’uko mu bihe bisanzwe bitabiraga.
Ni umugenzo kwambara imyenda mishya, kurya ibiryo biryoshye, no gusubiramo isengesho ryitwa takbeer. Mbere y’isengesho ry’Irayidi, Abasilamu basabwa gutanga imfashanyo yitwa zakaat al fitr yo gufasha umukene.
Abantu benshi bishimira gusangira ifunguro rinini n’inshuti n’imiryango, no guhana impano, mu bihugu byinshi ku Irayidi ni umunsi w’ikiruhuko.
Ramadhan yo ni iki?
Ramadhan ni izina ry’icyarabu rivuga ukwezi kwa cyenda ku ngengabihe/ikirangaminsi ya kisilamu. Gufatwa nk’ukwezi gutagatifu kurusha ayandi ya kisilamu. Uku kwezi kandi ni imwe mu nkingi eshanu za Islam. Ayo ni amahame atanu y’ibikorwa Abayisilamu bemera ko byategetswe n’Imana.
Abayisilamu bemera ko imwe mu mirongo ya mbere y’igitabo gitagatifu, Qu’ran, yahishuriwe Intumwa y’Imana Muhammad mu kwezi kwa Ramadhan. Muri uku kwezi gusubiramo Qu’ran byongerwamo imbaraga.
Kwiyiriza bifatwa nk’igikorwa cyo gusenga, bigafasha umusilamu kumva ari hafi y’Imana no kugira intege za roho ndetse n’ikinyabupfura bwite.
Ibi bikorwa bite?
Abasilamu bafata ifunguro kare cyane mu butaratandukana, iryo ryitwa suhoor cyangwa sehri. Bakiyiriza amanywa yose kugeza izuba rirenze aho bashobora kongera gufata ifunguro, ryitwa ifatr cyangwa fitoor.
Ramadhan kandi ni igihe Abayisilamu basabwa gufasha abakene, gukomeza umubano wabo n’Imana, kugira ubugwaneza no kwihangana. Muri uko kwezi, abemera bajya kandi ku musigiti ku masengesho ya nimugoroba yitwa Taraweeh. Aya aba gusa mu gihe cya Ramadhan. Uyu ni umwaka wa kabiri Ramadhan ibaye mu cyorezo cya coronavirus.
Ku basilamu bo mu Rwanda, kimwe n’ab’ahandi henshi ku isi, ni undi mwaka w’impinduka mu migenzo isanzwe.
Iftar kenshi ni ifunguro ry’inshuti n’imiryango. Ariko amabwiriza abuza guhura kw’abantu benshi asobanuye ko ubu rifatwa n’abantu mu ngo zabo gusa.
Amabwiriza yo kwirinda coronavirus mu Rwanda abuza abantu benshi guhura, no gusangira nk’uko byabaga kenshi mu bihe bya Ramadhan.
Ni ibiki bindi byahindutse?
Umwaka ushize Ramadhan n’Irayidi byabaye u Rwanda ruri mu bihe bya ‘Guma mu rugo’ cyangwa se ‘lockdown’ mu cyongereza abantu bategetswe kuguma mu ngo zabo gusa, inzu zose zo gusengeramo zifunze.
Ubu hari impinduka, imisigiti n’insengero bishobora kwakira 50% by’abantu isanzwe yakira, abantu bajya gusenga kandi bashobora gusangira ari bacyeya mu ngo zabo.
Mu misigiti basabwa kuba bambaye udupfukamunwa, kwitwaza imikeka yabo yo gusengeraho no guhana intera.
Amatariki y’Irayidi na Ramadhan agenwa ate?
Ingengabihe ya Kisilamu igendera ku ngengabihe y’ukwezi igizwe n’amezi 12.
Ukwezi kwa Ramadhan ni ukwa cyenda k’umwaka, Irayidi igera ku ntangiriro y’ukwezi kwa 10, Shawwal.
Buri kwezi gutangira ku mboneko y’igisate cy’ukwezi (crescent) kukamara iminsi 29 cyangwa 30.
Mu gihe cya cyera, ibi byakorwaga barebesheje ijisho gusa, ariko mu myaka ya vuba, indebakure (telescopes) n’ikoranabuhanga byagiye bikoreshwa.
Ibihugu bigendera ku mahame ya Islam biri ku ntera nini ku isi, kuva muri Indonesia kugera muri Maroc, bivuze ko Abasilamu bamwe bashobora kubona ukwezi gushya mbere y’abandi.
Prof Muhammad Abdel Haleem wo mu kigo Centre of Islamic Studies i Londre ati: “Ubusanzwe, Makkah [muri Arabia Saoudite] niho bemezaga ko ukwezi kwabonetse”.
“Rimwe na rimwe, yewe no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, ibihugu bituranye nabo bivuga ko byabonye ukwezi, ku minsi itandukanye.”
Ingengabihe y’ukwezi ubusanzwe iri munsi ho iminsi 10 ingengabihe ya Gregori ikoreshwa henshi ku isi. Bivuze ko buri mwaka Ramadan itangira iminsi 10 mbere.
Ni inde wiyiriza muri Ramadhan?
Kwiyiriza bigomba gukorwa gusa n’umuntu ufite amagara mazima.
Abayisilamu bamwe bemerewe kudasiba:
Abarwaye n’abandi bagirwaho ingaruka no kwiyiriza
Abana – nubwo bamwe bashobora gutangira kwitoza kwiyiriza bakiri bato
Abagore batwite n’abonsa
Abagore bari mu mihango
Abantu bari ku rugendo
Eid al-Adha yo ni iki?
Nubwo Eid al-Fitr ariwo munsi uzwi cyane – umunsi w’ikiruhuko mu Rwanda – siwo munsi wonyine wizihizwaho irayidi ku ngengabihe ya Kisilamu.
Eid al-Adha wizihizwa mu kwezi kwa Dhul-Hijjah. Uku ni ukwezi Abasilamu babishoboye bo ku isi bakora umutambagiro mutagatifu i Makkah uzwi nka Hajj.
BBC
